International strategy for Airbus

Introduction Airbus has emerged as one of the most powerful aircraft manufacturers in the world. However, it is facing a number of internal and external problems that will require fresh insights. The report will look at these issues and recommend a five year plan designed to meet those challenges.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International strategy for Airbus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Models and framework (Internal and external issues) The Porter Generic Model is quite useful in analysing the external issues affecting Airbus. Five major factors are usually analysed in this model and they include: threats of substitutes, threats of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and threats of competitors. When one considers the threats of competitors, it is evident that the aircraft manufacturing industry has relatively few players. Most of these manufacturers are internationall y renowned and have built networks across the globe; they include Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Currently Airbus and Boeing have the largest market share in the industry. Boeing has attained this large market share through an extensive aircraft range. Boeing’s investments in technology have also contributed to its successes. The development of solutions that can contribute to cost effectiveness of airplanes has also made Boeing quite successful (Matthew, 1997). Examples here include: optimisation of seat capacities and creative wing design. Boeing has also forged strategic alliances and initiated joint ventures with many foreign associations and forums. These and many more reasons make Boeing a force to reckon with in the aircraft manufacturing industry. Airbus caught up with this organisation but much more needs to be done for the organisation to dominate market shares. Boeing will keep Airbus on its toes in the near future especially through its recent legal suits. The form er company claimed that Airbus was not playing fair by its overreliance on government subsidies (Burgos, 2005). Airbus needs to think of other ways of securing its financial future if it hopes to compete with Boeing. The second element in Porter’s five forces is threat of new entrants. The aircraft manufacturing industry has very long product development cycles. Furthermore, entrepreneurs must part with huge capital investments before they can establish themselves in the industry. They also require a vast pool of skilled employees before they can build or design any aircraft.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Existence of a proven track record is also another factor that needs to be taken into consideration prior to entry into this industry. All these obstacles make it such an uphill task to start aircraft manufacture. Nonetheless some countries such as Japan and China already have the right infrastructure and trade policies needed to make it in this industry; Airbus needs to enact measures that will always keep it a step ahead of such potential threats. Military craft manufacturers may also be tempted to enter into this market once their respect markets start going down (Nichols, 2001). Threats of substitutes in the airline industry are also another reality. Airbus deals with the manufacture of aircrafts. Any industry that can substitute airline transport is considered as a threat. Although few sectors can deliver the economy, efficiency and security of the airline industry, it is necessary to acknowledge that train services are still a very formidable force. Some electric trains now exceed 200 miles per hour and if these rail networks are integrated in Airbus markets, then demand for the company’s products could substantially reduce. Information technology may also prove to be a substitute in the future. It is likely that more companies will embrace teleconferencing and other technical methods of communication. This will reduce the need for air travel and would thus minimise demand for Airbus’ products. In terms of the bargaining power of buyers, airlines have considerable clout in this industry. Most of them have been affected by the global economic downturn and many are dealing with financial challenges. A number of them are working on optimising their operations so this will definitely affect how they purchase products from Airbus. Aircraft manufacturers have a small selection of buyers because their products cannot be sold to the mass market (Benkard, 2004). Most airlines have associations that give them a lot of power and clout in determining the prices or strategies of aircraft manufacturers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International strategy for Airbus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Airbus must look for ways of coping with this strong market base either through technological or strategic advancements. Unless Airbus can deliver, it will be extremely keep such as demanding market base satisfied. Threats of suppliers are also crucial in Airbus’ external environment. In engine manufacture, companies like General Electric and Rolls Royce have a lot of bargaining power. These engine suppliers sometimes get into joint development programs with airlines; they determine how engines for their planes will be manufactured. The ability of suppliers to vertically integrate with other members of the supply chain makes them quite a formidable force. Airbus must also deal with the problem of regulatory institutions. All of them need to give approval to the company’s products before it can be sold. Sometimes the firm needs to negotiate or defend itself and this may slow down business. Financial leasing institutions that purchase products from Airbus and lease them out to airlines are also another entity t hat adds to the strength of suppliers in this industry. Airbus must seek new ways of staying above the tide even with all these external challenges. An internal analysis of this organisation reveals several challenges as well. The World Trade Organisation has ruled that the dependence on subsidies by Airbus is not a fair way of carrying out business (Newhouse, 2008). As a result, Airbus must now look for new ways of managing its finances by either cutting costs or creating new revenue generating streams. This aircraft manufacturer also has some challenges in product development. Currently, the firm is trying to create a model that can match up to rival Boeing’s Dreamliner 787. It has been working on the A380 jumbo jet but the product is yet to be fully developed (Norris and Warger, 2008). Operational challenges are also worrying this organisation. The company needs to improve its cycle times and manufacturing efficiency. At the same time, excessive inventory must be avoided i n order to minimise wastage. In the process of dealing with the latter two challenges, Airbus needs to streamline its supply chain through integration of customers and suppliers into the manufacturing process. These challenges must be done in a way that delivers quality servicesAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International strategy recommendations for 2012-2016 If Airbus is to cope with excessive competition from Boeing, it needs to cost cut, deal with operational challenges and respond to product innovation needs through implementation of an outsourcing program in the next five years. The major aims of enacting an outsourcing program will be to address inefficiencies in operations through lean manufacturing. The company will be sure about on-time delivery and high customer satisfaction if it outsources wisely. In the next three years, the company will be in a position to boost the quality of its products by reducing any returns that may have been instated by aircraft regulatory bodies. It will reduce lead times and thus produce aircrafts in a faster and more efficient way. Airbus ought to outsource wisely; the company should not enact a radical operation as this may backfire on it (Perret, 2008). Part of the reason why Airbus has been doing so well is that clients can hold it responsibl e for the products it creates. If responsibility for the whole construction process is transferred to another party, then this could undermine the company’s credibility. The first thing that Airbus must continue to do is to design the aircrafts themselves. Airplane construction consists of a series of sophisticated components that involve several specialised employees who must each take charge of separate production lines. These separate parts must then be taken to the main line and assembled. Sometimes the tail of the plane may not even appear as it should be until months after working on it. Because of these complex production processes, Airbus must spend a lot of money on wages, operations, inventory and other operations. Handling these disjointed processes has therefore been hurting the firm’s profit margins. As a result Airbus has been spending approximately six hundred thousand pounds per hour during the assembling process. Clearly, it would make sense if the com pany could cut down on some of these expenses by outsourcing. In this regard, instead of leaving the production of particular components to certain suppliers, these same vendors could create an entire section of the plane and then deliver it to airbus. It should be noted that outsourcing is nothing new to Airbus. It has been using suppliers from various European countries and has been taking the final assembly to France. In this global strategy, Airbus will take their outsourcing to another level; they need to outsource the parts to other non European countries such as Japan and China. The main advantage with these Asian economies is that they are low wage regions. Furthermore, their governments will be willing to provide a local market for the airplanes if the production process is in those countries. Japan’s government asserted that they were willing to offer a ready market to foreign airplane manufacturers if those processes were brought closer home, so this would be a gre at destination. Not only will Airbus be guaranteed a regular market in Asia, it will also be producing its airplanes at a much cheaper price. The company will increase its profit margins substantially if it continues to do this effectively. The other country that will be an important part of this outsourcing strategy is China. China has great prospects for the manufacture of aircrafts because its government is planning on building a mainline airliner there (Kogan, 2008). Besides, this nation is very competent in manufacturing technologies. The only challenge for Airbus will be handling the potential competition that may emanate from the collaboration. Between 2012 and 2016, Airbus should work on construction and designs of certain components with Chinese partners. They can avoid giving away all their knowhow so that they can protect themselves from any losses to competitors. The current aircraft A380 should be a start; China should be working on twenty percent of the Aircraft while other traditional plants can work on other parts (Robertson, 2006). In the next five years, Airbus should dedicate its efforts towards design and improvement of some of its models. It should still maintain production of essential aircraft components because these could make or break the firm. Nonetheless, engineers and other professionals in the original production plants need to keep collaborating with the Japanese and Chinese component producers in order to ascertain that previous standards are met or even exceeded. Traditional manufacturers like the UK should still be maintained because it has been shown that this country is an expert in wing production. Excellent plants ought to be retained but those who demonstrate otherwise need to be replaced by the Asian centres. This strategy should also involve pushing maintenance functions further down the supply chain line. Airbus is incurring a lot of expenses during after-sales maintenance processes. Dissatisfied customers may bring th e aircrafts to Airbus who must compromise on their core competences because of these needs. In the next five years, Airbus needs to change this process; it should outsource maintenance services to specialists. They are likely to produce very effective results because their sole focus is aircraft breakdowns. Specialised third parties can even predict potential failures and thus save consumers from any costly accidents. This would free up Airbus so that it can focus on its main goal which is to manufacture airplanes; not to repair them. Outsourcing has already been embraced by Airbus’s rival – Boeing and this explains why that player has reduced its operational costs in the short term (Irwin, 2004). If Airbus chooses this strategy, it is likely that the firm may save approximately ten billion Euros by the end of the five year period. This will largely stem from lower overhead costs that account for about 32% of the company’s expenses. At the end of this period, th e organisation should assess the success of the scheme and continue to improve it if it appears to be working. Furthermore, the A38O jumbo jet will be worked on thoroughly by the concerned organisation. It will get a chance to meet its target and will also share risks with its partners. Conclusion An analysis of the aircraft manufacturing industry reveals that there is immense competition, buyers are becoming more demanding, costs are increasing, product development is lagging behind especially for the A380 jumbo jet, buyer demand may go down, and countries like Japan may enter the aircraft manufacturing industry. To respond to these challenges, an outsourcing strategy has been recommended for the next five years. It will entail component outsourcing to Japan and China and collaboration with engineers there. The strategy will save on overhead costs, improve core competencies and spread risks. References Benkard, C. (2004). A dynamic analysis of the market for wide bodied commercial aircraft. Economic studies review, 3(16), 45-67. Burgos, A. (2005). US, EU to settle Airbus-Boeing dispute. Forbes magazine, January 11 2005, p. 14. Irwin, D. (2004). Airbus versus Boeing revisited: international competition in the aircraft market. Journal of international Economics, 64(2), 223-245. Kogan, E. (2008). China’s commercial aviation in take off mode. Asia Times, February 8 2008, p. 23. Matthew, L. (1997). Birds of prey: Boeing vs Airbus, a battle for the skies. London: Four walls eight windows. Newhouse, J. (2008). Boeing versus Airbus: the inside story of the greatest international competition in business. NY: Vintage. Nichols, M. (2001). Airbus Jetliners: the European solution. Stanford: Key Publishing. Norris, G. Wagner, M. (2005). Airbus A380: Superjumbo of the 21st C. Berlin: Zenith Press. Perret, B. (2008). Airbus looks at new strategies in China. Aviation week [online]. Robertson, D. (2006). Airbus will lose 4.8billion Euros because of A380 delays. The Tim es, October 2 1006, p. 3. This report on International strategy for Airbus was written and submitted by user Conor Richmond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Problems facing music press. essays

Problems facing music press. essays Discuss the Problems Facing the Specialist Music Press and Suggest how the Format could develop in the Future The Specialist Music Press was first started to provide a variety of information relevant to different areas of the music industry to young people who had developed a particular interest in music. Before this point there was nowhere for music lovers to read about their favourite artists and information could only be found on the radio. The Specialist Music Press grew in popularity as wider ranges of magazines focusing on specialised areas of the industry were developed and this popularity has been recognised by a number of other format magazines. Lifestyle magazines such as FHM and Cosmopolitan now incorporate sections on music, film, books, and in some magazines, computer games. The addition of these features to the already extremely popular Lifestyle genre has created devastating competition to the Specialist Music magazine as readers of the Lifestyle magazines no longer need to buy separate supplemental magazines for each of their interests to find out up to date information. Specialist Music magazines were often purchased in addition to a lifestyle or similar magazine but the introduction of music features into the Lifestyle genre has meant that, unless a reader requires more detailed information, or unless an issue of a Music magazine contains a feature on a favourite band, there is less need for readers to purchase a Music magazine as well as a Lifestyle magazine. The reduction in sales has already had a noticeable effect on the Specialist Music Press resulting in the conclusion of the magazine Melody Maker and the incorporation of its staff into NME magazine as the magazines had a very similar content and style, the reducing readership was no longer great enough to allow for the continuation of both magazines. This is an example of the potential fate of a growing number of music magazi...

BUS IP1 Unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS IP1 Unit 5 - Essay Example This amount translates into US$ 13000. If on the other hand I choose to take the money to the US banks, then I will earn interest of (2/100*12500). This gives an interest of US$ 2500 for that particular year. The total amount that I would have will then be US$ 15000. The above calculations are based on the fact that Irish banks give 4% interest rate per a one year CD while the US banks give a 2% interest per a one year CD. If I choose to keep my winning and cash it into US dollars one year from today, the period during which the exchange rate changes from US$1 for â‚ ¬.80 Euro, to US$1 to â‚ ¬.85, then my overall winning will increase greatly. During that year the amount will have increased by 40 000 Euro and will be 1040000 Euro. This will then be translated into US$12235.294. Given this calculations, I would rather take my winning to USA than leave then in Ireland. Covered interest arbitrage refers to a trading strategy in which an investor takes advantage of the deference in interest rates between two countries. They use forward contract to shield themselves from risks that may arise as a result of exchange rate difference. An investor can choose to use forward premium to take advantage of forward premium in order to earn profit that is free from risk because of the discrepancies in the interest rates of the two countries involved (Madura, 2007). This condition is possible because the parity in interest rates is not always constant. Three economists Robert, Dunn and John have noted that in some cases financial markets gives data that proves not to be consistent with the parity in interest rates (Dunn et al., 2004). They further observed that instances where significant arbitrage profit of the covered interest appeared feasible was, in most cases as a result of assets having deferent risk perceptions, double taxation risks as well as cumbersome controls on foreign exchange. Purchasing power parity refers to the component of economic theories that determ ines the values of deferent currencies relative to each other (Frenkel et al., 1981). This is based on the assumption that one would require the same amount in one currency to buy another currency and proceed to buy a given amount of goods as to buying directly in the original currency. Under this assumption, the number of US dollars required to directly by a given quantity of goods would be the same if the dollars were first converted to Euros before buying the quantity of goods in question. The purchasing power parity concept enables investors to determine the exchange rate required to result into equivalence of the purchasing power between two currencies. In case of inflation in a country, the currency of that country depreciated in value. This means that the currency the currency has a lower value relative to other currency. As a result more of that currency can be converted into smaller number of other currencies. The purchasing power of that currency reduces with increasing in flation. In the year in which my lottery was invested the value of Euro reduced. This is an indication of inflation in Ireland. As I have noted, If I chose to keep my winning and cash it into US dollars one year from today, the period during which the exchange rate changes from US$1 for â‚ ¬.80 Euro, to US$1 to â‚ ¬.85, then my overall winning will reduce greatly. During that year the amount will have increased by 40 000 Euro and will be 1040000 Euro. This will then be translated into US$12235.294 as opposed to US$ 1300 when the

All Animals are Equal by Peter Singer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

All Animals are Equal by Peter Singer - Essay Example Everyone is different in many respects such as capacity, intelligence, body stamina yet all are considered equal in providing basic rights to them. The principle of the equality essentially enforces equal treatment for all and with that perspective, he argues, why the same moral ideal is not extended further to include other species of the planet. All species in this universe do not differ on the matter of suffering – no matter how big or small they are. Then why humans instill a different kind of treatment to them. If suffering is made the reason for consideration of equality among all species then the current moral principles of equality – that limit equality to humans only are certainly neither sufficient in themselves nor devoid of human bias. The point is criteria of equality cannot apply only to humans but it is perfectly logical to extend it to other beings too who suffers due to actions of humans against them. Singer asserts "Most human beings are speciesists" (155) because they make use of other species for eating. Though the argument is given is the nutritional needs but it has been sufficiently proved in the scientific realms that farm products such as soybeans and other milk products can meet human needs of proteins. Men use species just as means to meet their ends. The key reasons for consuming other species are attributed to human taste buds and this fact cannot be denied at all. Members of other species are treated most grotesquely – as machines that transform grains into flesh.

Uptown, Dakota and Powermaster Case Study Essay Example for Free

Uptown, Dakota and Powermaster Case Study Essay In 1989, R.J. Reynolds announced to introduce a plan for Uptown, the cigarettes designed to target at black smokers. However, Uptown never reached the shelves because the opposition of some interest groups. In 1990, R.J. Reynolds begun to sell Dakota, which were a new cigarette brand targeted primarily at 18 to 24 years old female. In 1990, the alcohol producer Heileman Brewing Company launched a new high-alcohol drink PowerMaster, in order to targeted at black customers. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. and G. Heileman Brewing Co. targeted the minority and ethnic groups. The segmentation marketing strategy of the cigarette and alcohol company induced some controversy marketing problems (Smith, 1995). II. Ethical Issues of the Company The ethical issue of R.J. Reynolds and G. Heileman Brewing was the same: they targeted the consumer segments viewed as â€Å"vulnerable† with the unhealthy products. Although marketing segmentation is an important marketing strategy for the company, the introduction of Uptown, Dakota and PowerMaster have resulted in controversy and even criticized as unethical because the products targeted at those people who are in lower income and with fewer education experience. 2.1 Ethical Issues Related Uptown and Dakota ï ¼Ë†source: http://www.naaapi.org/documents/uptown.aspï ¼â€° With sales amount declining, R.J. Reynolds announced to introduce Uptown to seek new customers. Uptown is designed according to the black customers’ performance with lighter menthol and upside down filter. Uptown was charged for its misleading advertisement message brought more disease to a group with high smoking illness and mortality (Richard J, 1998). Although the plan of Uptown was cancelled because of the strong against of the social interest groups, the company’s segmentation strategy was implemented via other brands such as Dakota. Dakota targeted young female through the use of younger slim models and the advertisement slogan to mislead the young women smokers. Most of the targeted customers of Dakota were white female with high school degrees or blue-collar workers. They were so young to have good self-control awareness or the ability to judge true or false from the advertisement. And the company advocated Dakota as slim cigarettes and appealed the young female customers with misleading message. 2.2 Ethical Issues Related to PowerMaster PowerMaster is a malt liquor that drawn criticism from health organizations, which charged the company promoted the products to poor blacks and inner-city neighborhoods. According to the investigation of these organizations, alcohol was connected to many serious social problems, such as suicide and family violence. And the black men had a 40 percentage higher death of liver cancer than the white people (Bureau of National Affairs, 1991). (Source: http://www.google.com.au/search?q=powermasterhl) III. Relevant Interactions and Connections of the Stakeholders There are eleven stakeholders involved in this case study. In the following part, I will use the stakeholder interaction model to identify the specific stakeholders and the relevant interactions and connections among them. And find how they think and value the ethical issues and their decision. The stakeholder interaction model (Source: Maignan, Ferrell and Ferrell, 2003) 3.1 Company (Management) Company: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. (RJR); G. Heileman Brewing Co. Senior administrator: RJR’s CEO; RJR’s Marketing VP: Peter Hoult; Spokesperson; Marketing VP of Philip Morris Co. Both of the companies were under the heavy pressure to improve the marketing share of their products and create more profits to both the shareholders and employees. The business performance of the company will influence relationship with local government, community and suppliers. The senior administrators introduced the mew brand to customers, and explain the controversy from the perspective of the company. They provided and applied the segmentation marketing strategy and targeted at the vulnerable customers. They believed that the targeted customers have right to buy the products that fit their preference, the introduction of new products won’t change the whether they buy or not. Targeting at some special groups is just a tactic of marketing choice. 3.2 Customers They want the products that better need their needs, and the products are available in the right places with the right prices. The choice of customers will decide the company’s operating condition and employee’s welfare. And the employees produce the products and sell them to customers. Interest groups were looking forward to protecting the health of them. Customers pay tax to government; therefore, the government should make efforts to protect their legal interests. Customers have rights to buy alcohol and cigarettes, but some customers may mislead by the unethical strategy of the company and bring bad effect to themselves. 3.3 Government Senate; National Coalition; The government should be responsible for the citizen’s health, when the company introduce the harmful products to the customers and bring bad social impacts, the government can regulate and administrate the company through tax or laws. 3.4 Community In this case, the community leaders charged the promotion of alcoholic products of G. Heileman Brewing Company which are targeted at the black and Latino neighborhoods resulted in a series of social problems (Folt,1991). The Community provides the company with physical and social infrastructure that allows the company to do business. 3.5 Suppliers The suppliers are business partners of the companies, they want to maintain long-term and trusted relationships with the company. 3.6 Shareholders In this case, the shareholders were the people who bought the stocks of the R.J. Reynolds Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company. They were granted to get the profits of the enterprises in the form of dividends and they wanted to maximum their return on the investment. Shareholders also wanted the company to behavior ethically and gain good reputation, however; in some instance the stockholders’ strong desire to get profits may push the company conduct unethical marketing strategy in order to meet the commitments to the shareholders. 3.7 Employees The employees and shareholders mutually influenced each other, employees wanted to get reward consistent with their performance in the company. They brought economic profits to the stockholders, and they hoped their welfare could be improved as a return. Although employees of R.J. Reynolds and G. Heileman Brewing were not the direct business decision makers, they produced and sold the â€Å"unethical† cigarettes and alcohol to the vulnerable customers. And as a member of company, their welfare is related to whether the customers choose their products or not. When they loss the trust of customers they will also lose their own interests. 3.8 Special Interest Groups Public Health Organizationsï ¼Å¡Health and Human Services Secretary; The Women’s Tennis Association; Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Public Health officials (Louis W. Sullivan; Reed Tuckson; Surgeon; General Koop) They have activities against the company and give information to the customers via the mess media. They criticized the Tabaco and alcohol company giving misleading information to the venerable customers and exploited profit from the poor, young, black and Hispanics groups. The special interest groups try to stop the unethical business strategies of the companies through boycotts and giving public censure to the government agency in order to protect he customers from unhealthy habits and behavior. 3.9 Trade Associations The Beer Institute; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF); The trade organization is an organization in the same trade formed to further their collative interests. The relative Trade Associations has the power of giving approval of using the label and also has the rights to use the related policies and regulations within their industry to control the behavior of the enterprises. In this case, BATF pushed G. Heileman Brewing Company to drop the word â€Å"power†. 3.10 Competitors Philip Morris Co.; BAT Industries; Black Sunday; Crazy Horse; St Ides. The marketing shortage of the company’s competitors may give the decision maker some enlightenment. And the company may imitate competitors’ profitable products and transfer its attention to the new area, do research on the new products in order to compete with others. In the case, Philip Morris is the leading cigarette company provides young female smokers with the brand Marlboro. The strategy of Phillip Morris pushed R.J. Reynolds into targeting at young female customers. 3.11 Mess Media: The black oriented newspapers and magazines such as Jet and Ebony; Other media; Commentator of the media; New York Times; Beverage World; Fortune. The target marketing oriented media published alcoholic drinks and Tabaco advertisements to the customers, which may induce the prevalence of smoking. Other media reported on the protest against targeting at vulnerable customers. The Commentator of the media offered the customers with insightful analysis of the target marketing products and give suggestions to officials in the health organizations. IV: Rank the Stakeholder It is necessary to understand the relationships of all the stakeholders involved in the activity of the company or the interest groups. Having a good management of the relationships with each kind of stakeholder will be beneficial to the performance of that organization. The following two lists showing a rank of the stakeholders involved in the business activities of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company from the perspectives of the two companies and interest groups respectively. The shareholders hold the stocks of the company, in other words they can decide the company’s fate, and it’s the company’s obligation to maximize the stakeholders’ benefits, So R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company ranked their own shareholders in the most important place. Employees can provide research, manufacturing and sales services to the customers, their satisfaction of working conditions and welfares will influence their performance during the working period and then directly influence the company’s operating performance. Customers are usually regarded as the most important stakeholders. No company will operate well if it cannot persuade customers to buy its products. Therefore, both R.J. Reynolds and G. Heileman designed new brand products to the customers in order to increase their marketing share and get more profits. But they used wrong marketing segmentation strategies, and brought bad effects to the vulnerable gr oups that they are targeted at. 4.2 From the interest group’s perspective | | 1| Customers| 2| Community| 3| Mass Media| 4| Employees| 5| Government| 6| Trade Association| 7| Shareholders| 8| Suppliers| 9| Company| 10| Competitors| In this case, all the interest groups involved in are the noneconomic public health organizations such as Health and Human Services Secretary; The Women’s Tennis Association; Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and so on. These noneconomic interest groups seek the solutions of the public concerns and issues. They against the tobacco and alcohol companies targeted at some vulnerable customers, and sold harmful products to these customers with unethical ways. Therefore, from the interest group’s perspective, the interests of the customers should be ranked in the fist place. â€Å"The basic meaning of Community is a group of people living in the same locality and the same government † (Wikipedia). The ultimate objective of the interest groups is solving the social issues that they concerned and about and then improve the total living standards of the community. And the Community provides the company with physical and social infrastructure that allows the company to do business. Therefore, when a company was failed to exercise its obligations, the Community has the duty to interdict its unethical behavior (Patrick 2004). In the case, the boycott and other against activities of the interest groups are under the support and assistance of the mess media. The media not only gave the pressure to the unethical companies, but also showed right guidance of public opinion. V: Alternative Courses of Action and Recommendation 5.1 Alternative Courses of Action Recommendations for Company For R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company, they should rank the customers in the first order rather than their own interests. Although marketing segmentation is an useful strategy in some conditions, the marketers of the alcoholic and tobacco industry should not target at the groups who are vulnerable due to their disadvantages in income, knowledge, age, life circumstance and so on. The alcoholic makers should provide the obvious marks with the information of the content, serving size the macronutrients, and the hazard of over drinking. The companies should participate more in the charitable activities, help and sponsor the people who suffer from the bad disease may caused by their products in order to have a better implementation of social responsibility. 5.2 Alternative Courses of Action Recommendations for Interest Groups For the interest groups, they should help and training these vulnerable citizens directly with informative knowledge and cooperate with government rather than only criticizing the cigarettes and alcohol company. Cooperating with the government in order to better restrict unethical business strategies in alcoholic and tobacco industry. The government could use more methods to regulate and administrate the enterprise behavior through tax and law. Providing tobacco-use prevention courses in the school. The general awareness of the smoking harms health should be introduced since the primary school and reinforced in the high school in order to increase the successful rate of preventing tobacco for the young people. Encouraging the family members of the smoker or alcoholic drinker to persuade them giving up the unhealthy products or reduce the quantity of consumption. Reference Smith, N 1995, ‘Case Study: Uptown, Dakota, and PowerMaster’, Communication in Business: Internal and External, P54-58. Patrick, E, Gene, R, Norman, E Thomas, A 2004, Ethical marketing, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Grace, D Coken, S 2005, Business ethics: problems and cases, Oxford, New York. Fisher, C Lovell, A 2006, Business ethics and values: individual, corporate and international perspective ,Pearson Education, Harlow. Warner, K, Goldenhar, L1992, ‘Targeting of cigarette advertising in US markets’, Tobacco Control, vol.25, P30. http://www.naaapi.org/documents/uptown.asp http://www.google.com.au/search?q=powermasterhl Richard, J 1998, Life in a Business oriented society, Allyn and Bacon, Boston. Smith, C Martin, E 1997, ‘Ethics and target marketing: the role of product harm and consumer vulnerability’, Journal of Marketing, vol.61, P1-20.

Summary Of Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte :: essays research papers

'The herd of possessed swine could have no worse spirits in them then those animals of yours, sir!' (7) How could readers of Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights not laugh at this quote? I found the book exciting as well as awful to read. It was so difficult and hard to read, but in the end was worth it. The characters were the ones that made it so enjoyable to read but made it also too complicated. However, all of them were fun to ?get to know?. My favorite is Catherine. She is bratty, spoiled and hopelessly selfish. I love to hate her. Then again, I also have pity on her. The combination of her up bringing, with her personality has caused her to be like this. Take for example the reason she marries Edgar. She says ?And he will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband.? (78). It is as if she cannot see anything but what is best for herself. Nelly talks to her, and tries to get her to see her selfishness. Even there my point is proven. Nelly hates Catherine, even though she has the negative feelings toward her mistress, she still can see what Catherine is doing wrong, and instead of letting Catherine go on, she tells her. Catherine is so wrapped up in herself. It is pretty annoying to read about her because she is so conceded. One of the things she says is ?But I begin to fancy you don't like me. How strange! I thought, though everybody hated and desp ised each other, they could not avoid loving me.? (120) I cannot even understand how someone could think that about himself or herself! Catherine is so stuck up! Nelly is a weird character in this book. She seems to be the mother, especially to Catherine. One of the things I like most about her is the fact she is not stupid, she understands people, but does not abuse it. Then again, she is too smart to be a maid. It really seems like she is educated. My favorite quote she says is ?I went about my household duties, convinced that the Grange had but one sensible soul in its walls, and that lodged in my body.? (119) I suppose the reason I think she is so motherly is because she is a lot like my mother, a little cheeky, knows how to control people younger than she is, smart, and can clean well.

Addmaths

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 2/2012 â€Å"INDEX NUMBER† NAME: Lio Xing Ying Class: 5I I. C. No:950818-13-6166 School: SMK Marudi TEACHER:Miss Tie Yien Mee Teacher’s signature: CONTENT CHAPTERS| TITLES| PAGES| 1| CONTENT| 2| 2| APPRECIATION| 4| 3| OBJECTIVES| 6| 4| INTRODUCTION| 8| 5| PART A| 11| 6| PART B| 15| 7| PART C| 19| 8| PART D| 24| 9| FURTHER EXPLORATION| 26| 10| CONCLUSION| 28| 11| REFLECTION| 30| APPRECIATION First of all, I would like to thank God for giving us energy, strength and health to carry out this project work. Next, I would like to thank our school for giving us the chance to create this project work.School also provides me the space to discuss and carry out this project work. Not forgetting my beloved parents who provided everything needed in this project work, such as money, Internet, books, computer and so on. They contribute their time and spirit on sharing their experience with me. Their support may raise the spirit in me to do this proj ect work smoothly. After that, I would like to thank our Additional Mathematics teacher, Miss Tie Yien Mee for guiding me throughout this project. When I face some difficulties on doing tasks, she will try her best to teach me patiently until I have done the project work.Then, I would like to thank the proprietor of the shop who was willing to share their experience on business activity and the experience on saving money with me. Lastly, I would like to thank my classmates who shared ideas and providing some helps on solving problems. We help each other until we finished this project work. OBJECTIVES All of our students in 5I are required to carry out an Additional Mathematics Project Work during mid-term holiday. This project is done individually. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, I gain valuable experiences and able to: * Solve routine and non-routine problems. Improve thinking skills. * Knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real- life problems. * Expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected. * Stimulates and enhances effective learning. * Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely. * Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence. Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace. * Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. * Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment. * Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively. * Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more creative and innovative. Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics. INTRODUCTION INDEX An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time. The time period that serves as a basis for the comparison is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items) over time.An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index. A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index numbers are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison.A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index. A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of expenditure of the average household. In  economics  and  finance, an index is a statistical measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points. These data may be derived from any number of sources, including company performance, prices, productivity, and employment.Economic indices (index, plural) track economic health from different perspectives. Influential global financial indices such as the  Global Dow, and the NASDAQ Composite  track the performance of selected large and po werful companies in order to evaluate and predict economic trends. The  Dow Jones Industrial Average  and the  S&P 500  primarily track U. S. markets, though some legacy international companies are included. The Consumer  Price Index  tracks the variation in prices for different consumer goods and services over time in a constant geographical location, and is integral to calculations used to djust salaries, bond interest rates, and tax thresholds for inflation. The GDP Deflator  Index, or real GDP, measures the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. Market performance indices include the  labour market index / job index  and proprietary  stock market index  investment instruments offered by  brokerage houses. Some indices display market variations that cannot be captured in other ways. For example, the  Economist  provides a  Big Mac Index that expresses the adjusted cost of a globally ubiquitous Big M ac as a percentage over or under the cost of a Big Mac in the U.S. with a U. S. dollar (estimated: $3. 57). Norway prices reflect most relatively expensive Big Mac, at an 84% increase over U. S. prices, or $6. 5725 U. S. The least relatively expensive Big Mac price occurs in Hong Kong, at a 52% reduction from U. S. prices, or $1. 71 U. S. The Big Mac index is used to predict currency values. From this example, it would be assumed that Hong Kong currency is undervalued, and provides a currency investment opportunity. An index number is a percentage ratio of prices, quantities or values comparing two time periods or two points in time.The time period that serves as a basis for the comparison is called the base period and the period that is compared to the base period is called the given or current period. A price index measures the change in the money value of an item (or group of items) over time whereas a quantity index measures the non-monetary value of an item (or a group of items ) over time. An index number that represents a percentage comparison of the number of cars sold in a given month as compared with that of a base month is a quantity index.A price index represents a comparison of prices between two time periods and, finally, a value index is one that represents a comparison of the total value of production or sales in two time periods without regard to whether the observed difference is a result of differences in quantity, price or both. Index numbers are also differentiated according to the number of commodities or products included in the comparison. A simple index, also known as a relative, is a comparison involving only one item but an index whose calculation is based on several items is known as an aggregate or composite index.A very famous example of a composite index is the Retail Prices Index (RPI), which measures the changes in costs in the items of expenditure of the average household. PART A The school Cooperative in one of the schools in your area made a profit of RM 50000 in the year 2011. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a fixed deposit account in a bank for one year. The interest collected at the end of this period will be the poor students in the school. As a member of Board of Cooperative you are to find the total interest which can be collected from different banks.Given below are the interest rates offered by 3 different banks: Bank A, Bank B and Bank C. You are to calculate the interest that can be obtained based on the given rates, if the money is to be kept in the bank for a period of one year for monthly auto renewable, three months auto renewable, six months auto renewable and twelve months auto renewable without withdrawal. Compare and discuss which bank will you choose and explain why. PERIOD| BANK A (% p. a. )| BANK B (% p. a. )| BANK C (% p. a. )| 1 MONTH| 3. 10| 3. 00| 3. 00| 2 MONTH| 3. 10| 3. 00| 3. 00| 3 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 5| 3. 05| 4 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 05| 3. 05| 5 MONTH| 3. 15| 3. 10| 3. 05| 6 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 7 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 8 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 9 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 10 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 11 MONTH| 3. 20| 3. 10| 3. 10| 12 MONTH| 3. 25| 3. 15| 3. 20| Solution by Geometric Progression Solution Tn = arn–1 r = Tn+1Tn a = 50 000 BANK A * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 031013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 031012 = 72 123. 03397 = 72 123. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03155-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03154 = 56 603. 9754 = 56 604. 00 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 20 100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 0320 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03203-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03202 = 53 251. 20 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 25100 = 103. 25100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03252-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03251 = 51 625. 00 Bank B * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0315 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 50 000 x 1. 03054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 15100 = 103. 15100 = 1. 0325 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 03152-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03151 = 51 575. 00 BANK C * Monthly auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 00100 = 103. 00100 = 1. 0300 T13 = 50 000 x 1. 030013-1 = 50 000 x 1. 030012 = 71 288. 04434 = 71 288. 00 * Three months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 05100 = 103. 05100 = 1. 0305 T5 = 50 000 x 1. 03055-1 = 50 000 x 1. 3054 = 56 384. 79279 = 56 384. 80 * Six months auto renewable r = 100 + 3. 10 100 = 103. 10100 = 1. 0310 T3 = 50 000 x 1. 03103-1 = 50 000 x 1. 03102 = 53 148. 05 = 53 148. 00 * Twelve months without withdrawal r = 100 + 3. 20100 = 103. 20100 = 1. 032 T2 = 50 000 x 1. 0322-1 = 50 000 x 1. 0321 = 51 6 00. 00 PERIOD| BANK A (RM)| BANK B (RM)| BANK C (RM)| MONTHLY RENEWABLE| 72 123. 00| 71 288. 00| 71 288. 00| THREE MONTHS RENEWABLE| 56 604. 00| 56 384. 80| 56 384. 80| SIX MONTHS RENEWABLE| 53 251. 20| 53 148. 00| 53 148. 00| TWELVE MONTHS RENEWABLE| 51 625. 00| 51 575. 00| 51 600. 0| Therefore, I will choose Bank A because the interest of Bank A is higher than Bank B and Bank C. PART B (a) The Cooperative of your school plans to provide photocopy service to the students of your school. A survey was conducted and it is found out that rental for a photo copy machine is RM 480 per month, cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) is RM 10 and the price of a bottle of toner is RM 80 which can be used to photocopy 10 000 pieces of paper. (i) What is the cost to photocopy a piece of paper? Solution by Mathematical Solution Rental for photocopy machine/month = RM 480Cost for a rim of paper (500 pieces) = RM 10 Price of a bottle of toner (10 000 pieces) = RM 80 Cost for a photocopy of a piece o f paper = RM 80 + RM 480 + [10 000500 RM 10]10 000 = RM 0. 076 (ii) If your school cooperative can photocopy an average of 10 000 pieces per month and charges a price of 10 cent per piece, calculate the profit which can be obtained by the school cooperative. Solution by Mathematical Method Charge of a piece of photocopy of a paper = RM 0. 10 Cost for a photocopy of a piece of paper = RM 0. 076 Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10 – RM 0. 076)(10 000) = RM 240 b) For the year 2013, the cost for photocopying 10 000 pieces of paper increased due to the increase in the price of rental, toner and paper as shown in table below: (i) Calculate the percentage increase in photocopying a piece of paper based on the year 2012, using two different methods. Solution METHOD 1 by Mathematical Solution Cost of photocopy of a piece of paper in 2013 = RM 100 + RM 500 + RM24010 000 = RM 0. 084 Percentage increase = 0. 084 – 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% METHOD 2 by Price Index Solution I = P1P0x 100 ? = IWW | Price Index, I| Weightage, W| Rental| 6256| 25| Toner| 125| 5| Paper| 120| 12| = 625625 + 1255 + 1201225 + 5 + 12 = 25015252 = 111. 17 Percentage increase = RM 0. 076 x 111. 17100 – 0. 0760. 076 x 100% = 10. 5263% (ii) If the school cooperative still charge the same amount for photocopying a piece of paper, how many pieces of paper should the cooperative photocopy in order to get the same amount of profit? Solution by Quadratic Equation Solution Pieces of paper should cooperative photocopy 0. 1(x) – 10 000 (0. 084) = 240 0. 1x – 840 = 240 x = 10800. 1 = 10 800 (iii) If the cooperative still maintain to photocopy the same amount of paper per month, how much profit can Cooperative obtain?Solution by Mathematical Solution Profit obtained = (RM 0. 10)(10 000) – (RM 0. 084)(10 000) = RM 160 PART C The population of the school is increasing. As a result, the school cooperative needs more space for keeping the increasing amount of stock. Therefore the school cooperative plans to expand the store-room. It is estimated that cost for renovation is RM 150 000. Make a conjecture on which is a better way for the school cooperative to pay, whether to pay the whole lump sum in cash or keep the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account at a rate of 6% p. a. n a bank then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank and pay for the hire purchase for a period of 10 years with a interest rate of 4. 8% p. a. and withdraw monthly to pay for the hire purchase every beginning of a month. Make a conclusion and give your reason. (You can give your solution in table form, Excel or graph) Solution by Excel Month| Interest (%)| Total Money (RM)| Interest Rate/year (%)| Loan/month (RM)| Money Left (RM)| 1| 6. 00| 150 000| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 251 571. 84| 2| | | | 1 850. 00| 249 721. 84| 3| | | | 1 850. 00| 247 871. 84| 4| | | | 1 850. 00| 246 021. 84| 5| | | | 1 850. 0| 244 171. 84| 6| | | | 1 850. 00| 242 321. 84| 7| | | | 1 850. 00| 240 471. 84| 8| | | | 1 850. 00| 238 621. 84| 9| | | | 1 850. 00| 236 771. 84| 10| | | | 1 850. 00| 234 921. 84| 11| | | | 1 850. 00| 233 071. 84| 12| | | | 1 850. 00| 231 221. 84| 13| 6. 00| 159 000. 00| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 229 371. 84| 14| | | | 1 850. 00| 227 521. 84| 15| | | | 1 850. 00| 225 671. 84| 16| | | | 1 850. 00| 223 821. 84| 17| | | | 1 850. 00| 221 971. 84| 18| | | | 1 850. 00| 220 121. 84| 19| | | | 1 850. 00| 218 271. 84| 20| | | | 1 850. 00| 216 421. 84| 21| | | | 1 850. 00| 214 571. 84| 22| | | | 1 850. 0| 212 721. 84| 23| | | | 1 850. 00| 210 871. 84| 24| | | | 1 850. 00| 209 021. 84| 25| 6. 00| 168 540. 00| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 207 171. 84| 26| | | | 1 850. 00| 205 321. 84| 27| | | | 1 850. 00| 203 471. 84| 28| | | | 1 850. 00| 201 621. 84| 29| | | | 1 850. 00| 199 771. 84| 30| | | | 1 850. 00| 197 921. 84| 31| | | | 1 850. 00| 196 071. 84| 32| | | | 1 850. 00| 194 221. 84| 33| | | | 1 850. 00| 192 371. 84| 34| | | | 1 850. 00| 190 521. 84| 35| | | | 1 850. 00| 188 671. 84| 36| | | | 1 850. 00| 186 821. 84| 37| 6. 00| 178 652. 40| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 184 971. 84| 38| | | | 1 850. 00| 183 121. 4| 39| | | | 1 850. 00| 181 271. 84| 40| | | | 1 850. 00| 179 421. 84| 41| | | | 1 850. 00| 177 571. 84| 42| | | | 1 850. 00| 175 721. 84| 43| | | | 1 850. 00| 173 871. 84| 44| | | | 1 850. 00| 172 021. 84| 45| | | | 1 850. 00| 170 171. 84| 46| | | | 1 850. 00| 168 321. 84| 47| | | | 1 850. 00| 166 471. 84| 48| | | | 1 850. 00| 164 621. 84| 49| 6. 00| 189 371. 54| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 162 771. 84| 50| | | | 1 850. 00| 160 921. 84| 51| | | | 1 850. 00| 159 071. 84| 52| | | | 1 850. 00| 157 221. 84| 53| | | | 1 850. 00| 155 371. 84| 54| | | | 1 850. 00| 153 521. 84| 55| | | | 1 850. 00| 151 671. 4| 56| | | | 1 850. 00| 149 821. 84| 57| | | | 1 850. 00| 147 971. 84| 58| | | | 1 850. 00| 146 121. 84| 59| | | | 1 850. 00| 144 271. 84| 60| | | | 1 850. 00| 142 421. 84| 61| 6. 00| 200 733. 84| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 140 571. 84| 62| | | | 1 850. 00| 138 721. 84| 63| | | | 1 850. 00| 136 871. 84| 64| | | | 1 850. 00| 135 021. 84| 65| | | | 1 850. 00| 133 171. 84| 66| | | | 1 850. 00| 131 321. 84| 67| | | | 1 850. 00| 129 471. 84| 68| | | | 1 850. 00| 127 621. 84| 69| | | | 1 850. 00| 125 771. 84| 70| | | | 1 850. 00| 123 921. 84| 71| | | | 1 850. 00| 122 071. 84| 72| | | | 1 850. 00| 120 221. 4| 73| 6. 00| 212 777. 87| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 118 371. 84| 74| | | | 1 850. 00| 116 521. 84| 75| | | | 1 850. 00| 114 671. 84| 76| | | | 1 850. 00| 112 821. 84| 77| | | | 1 850. 00| 110 971. 84| 78| | | | 1 850. 00| 109 121. 84| 79| | | | 1 850. 00| 107 271. 84| 80| | | | 1 850. 00| 105 421. 84| 81| | | | 1 850. 00| 103 571. 84| 81| | | | 1 850. 00| 101 721. 84| 83| | | | 1 850. 00| 99 871. 84| 84| | | | 1 850. 00| 98 021. 84| 85| 6. 00| 225 544. 54| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 96 171. 84| 86| | | | 1 850. 00| 94 321. 84| 87| | | | 1 850. 00| 92 471. 84| 88| | | | 1 850. 00| 90 621. 84| 89| | | | 1 850. 0| 88 771. 84| 90| | | | 1 850. 00| 86 921. 84| 91| | | | 1 850. 00| 85 071. 84| 92| | | | 1 850. 00 | 83 221. 84| 93| | | | 1 850. 00| 81 371. 84| 94| | | | 1 850. 00| 79 521. 84| 95| | | | 1 850. 00| 77 671. 84| 96| | | | 1 850. 00| 75 821. 84| 97| 6. 00| 239 077. 21| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 73 971. 84| 98| | | | 1 850. 00| 72 121. 84| 99| | | | 1 850. 00| 70 271. 84| 100| | | | 1 850. 00| 68 421. 84| 101| | | | 1 850. 00| 66 571. 84| 102| | | | 1 850. 00| 64 721. 84| 103| | | | 1 850. 00| 62 871. 84| 104| | | | 1 850. 00| 61 021. 84| 105| | | | 1 850. 00| 59 171. 84| 106| | | | 1 850. 0| 57 321. 84| 107| | | | 1 850. 00| 55 471. 84| 108| | | | 1 850. 00| 53 621. 84| 109| 6. 00| 253 421. 84| 4. 80| 1 850. 00| 51 771. 84| 110| | | | 1 850. 00| 49 921. 84| 111| | | | 1 850. 00| 48 071. 84| 112| | | | 1 850. 00| 46 221. 84| 113| | | | 1 850. 00| 44 371. 84| 114| | | | 1 850. 00| 42 521. 84| 115| | | | 1 850. 00| 40 671. 84| 116| | | | 1 850. 00| 38 821. 84| 117| | | | 1 850. 00| 36 971. 84| 118| | | | 1 850. 00| 35 121. 84| 119| | | | 1 850. 00| 33 271. 84| 120| | | | 1 850. 00| 31 421. 8 4| ? Money is still left after the loan has been paid-out for the period of 10 years.That mean, keeping the RM 150 000 in a fixed deposit account then borrow the RM 150 000 from a bank is better way to expand the store-room. PART D The cooperative of the school also has another amount of RM 50 000. The cooperative plans to keep the money in a bank. The bank offered a compound interest rate of 3. 5% per annum and a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Explain the meaning of â€Å"compound interest† and â€Å"simple interest†. Suggest a better way of keeping the money in this bank. State a suitable period for keeping the money for each plan. Explain why. Solution y Dictionary (source: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 6th Edition) Compound interest * Interest that is paid both on the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. Simple interest * Interest that is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and n ot on any interest that is earned. Simple interest is suitable for savings in a short period. It is because of its interest is higher than compound interest and it is paid only on the original amount of money that you invested, and not on any interest that is earned.For example, when you keep RM50 000 with an interest of 5% for 2 years, then you will gain RM 5 000 after two years. So the total amount in the bank is RM 55 000 after two years. When one keeps RM 50 000 with the interest of 3. 5 % of compound interest for 2 years, then you will gain RM3 561. 25. So the total amount in the bank is RM 53 561. 25 after two years. Compound interest is suitable for savings in a long period. It is because of the original amount of money saved and on the interest that has been added to it. For example, RM50 000 for the plan of 3. 5 % of compound interest plan for 30 years then we will have RM 140 339. 9 in our saving account. But when one keeps RM 50 000 for the plan of 5 % of simple interest for 30 years, then we will only have RM 125 000 in our savings account. Therefore, it is better to save in the compound interest plan account for long-term savings and simple interest for short-term savings. FURTHER EXPLORATION When Ahmad was born, his parents invested an amount of RM 5 000 in the Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) for him. The interest rate offered was 8. 0% p. a. At what age will Ahmad have a saving of RM 50 000, if he keeps the money without withdrawal? Solution by Geometric ProgressionTn = 50 000 r = 100 + 8. 0100 = 1. 08 a = 5 000 Tn = arn-1 Let, Tn > 50 000 5 000 (1. 08n-1) > 50 000 ? 1. 08n-1 > 10 log 1. 08n-1 > log 10 (n-1) log 1. 08 > log 10 n-1 > log10log1. 08 n-1 > 29. 92 n > 30. 92 The least value of n is 31, 31 – 1 = 30. by Excel Terms, Tn| Value of saves| Age of Ahmad| 1| 5000| 0| 2| 5400| 1| 3| 5832| 2| 4| 6298. 56| 3| 5| 6802. 4448| 4| 6| 7346. 640384| 5| 7| 7934. 371615| 6| 8| 8569. 121344| 7| 9| 9254. 651051| 8| 10| 9995. 023136| 9| 11| 10794. 62 499| 10| 12| 11658. 19499| 11| 13| 12590. 85058| 12| 14| 13598. 11863| 13| 15| 14685. 6812| 14| 16| 15860. 84557| 15| 17| 17129. 71322| 16| 18| 18500. 09027| 17| 19| 19980. 0975| 18| 20| 21578. 5053| 19| 21| 23304. 78572| 20| 22| 25169. 16858| 21| 23| 27182. 70206| 22| 24| 29357. 31823| 23| 25| 31705. 90369| 24| 26| 34242. 37598| 25| 27| 36981. 76606| 26| 28| 39940. 30734| 27| 29| 43135. 53193| 28| 30| 46586. 37449| 29| 31| 50313. 28445| 30| ? Ahmad will have a saving of RM 50 000 at the age of 30. CONCLUSION After doing research, answering the questions, plan a table and some problem solving, we saw that usage of index number is important in our daily business activity.It is not just widely use in the business segment but also in banking skills. We learnt a lot of lesson from this Additional Mathematics Project Work such as banking account skills, loaning technique, counting the cost of a product, predict the future plans of money and so on. Without this, shopkeeper will get a lot of loses in the business activity. We would like to thanks the one who contribute the idea of index number to help us a lot in our business activity together in our daily life. REFLECTIONAfter by spending countless hours, days and night to finish this project in this few weeks, there are several things that I want to say†¦ Additional Mathematics, The killer subject, But when I study hard, It was so easy to understand†¦ Additional Mathematics, You look so interest, So unique from the other subject, That’s why I like you so much†¦ After sacrificing my precious time, Spirit and energy for this project, And now, I realized something important from it! I really love Additional Mathematics, Additional Mathematics, You are my real friend, You are my family, And you are my life†¦ I LOVE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS!! ~ THE END ~